Artist of the Week: Keiko Tanabe

Keiko Tanabe ("Storytelling with Watercolor" and "Painting Sunlight") was born in Kyoto, Japan. As a child growing up in an art-loving family, she always enjoyed drawing and painting and won many awards in children’s art contests. However, she didn’t study art in school; rather, she earned a B.A. in intercultural communication and an M.A. in international education and worked in international relations for most of her career. Her work allowed her to travel extensively in Europe, Asia, and North America. 

Art Notes: Why work en plein air? What does plein air give you that working from a reference photo in a studio can’t?

Being in the moment and staying focused. Nature has taught me how to do this, and how to use this discipline when I paint outdoors. All that stimulates my senses and contributes to activating parts of my brain that might not be used if I was working in the studio. I like the way I can synthesize a painting this way, as opposed to relying heavily on a visual reference source such as a photo.

Working outside trains me to paint faster. With the fast-changing light, I am forced to make quick decisions in the creative process. This is an important capability, especially with watercolor, as this medium dries so fast and painting slowly means making too many strokes or hard edges visible if not taken care of skillfully.

Art Notes: Could you walk us through your painting process? What are you trying to solve at each stage of your process?

I generally work in three stages.

Preliminary stage: This is when I interpret the landscape and think of a way to translate it into a visual language. I try to visualize the finished painting and build a composition that communicates my vision. I also try to identify potential problems at this stage and think of solutions. Oftentimes I make a small sketch, and make a drawing for a painting based on the sketch.

First stage: I paint lights and establish base tones in my first wash. The focus is more on big shapes in the composition, not so much on smaller details. I lay down the wash, using a fairly large brush in a loose manner. An overall color feel is something I like to show and use to unify all the elements.

Second stage: I tie darks together to create depth and a passage of light. To finish, I make smaller details more prominent, putting them in a dark tone or painting them negatively. I keep the details minimal, just enough to tell a story or suggest my intended narrative.

Art Notes: How has your process evolved as you’ve become a more skilled painter? Has it gotten faster or slower? Why, and how?

I don’t think the basic process itself has changed a lot. As I have gained more experience, however, I became better at predicting what will happen on the paper with each brushstroke. That opens a door of opportunity for me to explore more creative options. It allows me to be more proactive with a potential problem rather than responsive to the problem after it happens. Consequently, this ability enables me to paint with more confidence and speed.

Art Notes:  In plein air, what do you look for when looking for a subject to paint? Many artists, especially when first starting out in plein air, feel a rush to find a pretty location and get painting as quickly as possible.

I believe that artwork is a mirror of what an artist feels about the subject, so it has to effectively communicate the artist’s vision through various techniques and components. What often triggers me to paint is not really the subject matter itself. When I see an interesting pattern of light and dark creating a certain mood or atmosphere, I stop and observe because it has an evocative quality and it speaks to me. When I see that and am moved by it, I know I have found something that could be an emotional basis, as well as a design component to create a painting from.

As a landscape artist, I also strive to capture a sense of time and place. Especially when I am on location, I feel the place in all of my senses. The connection I establish with the subject is important. It allows me to feel I am part of the scene. It helps me delve into finding out what about it really speaks to me. As I always say, I don’t think I choose a subject; rather, it chooses me. I just have to be acutely aware when that happens. I think my painting is a mere response to that.

Art Notes: Why is planning important? What does planning allow an artist to do that an artist who doesn’t plan can’t?

Planning is to have a road map to a certain destination. That means there’s a chance I may get lost on the way, but at least I know I can correct the direction I was going in order to minimize the loss of time. I also use planning as a guide for subsequent creative decisions. That said, I don’t plan for everything, but only for important things like value and edge. I like to allow myself plenty of freedom to paint more intuitively.

Art Notes:  How do you make a strong composition? How much do you take from the scene directly in front of you, and how much do you change for composition purposes? How do you decide what to leave in and what to take out?

Making a strong composition starts with knowing what it is that I want to communicate in my painting. With that in mind, I try to understand the relationships between big shapes in the scene, and rearrange them sometimes to create excitement, harmony, rhythm, and even drama in the overall design. I avoid too much symmetry or repetition. Then I place a focal point and distribute a few points of interest on a picture plane. When I do this, I must consider the underlying value structure to be able to make a contrast for important points of interest.

Art Notes:  Along the same lines, when you do a value study, how much do you change the values from what you see in front of you? Why?

Sometimes I am lucky and I find a perfect light and dark pattern in a chosen subject. Most of the time, however, to make a strong painting, I have to change the values to create a more interesting tonal relationship. When I find tonal relations that are too flat or too complicated, that is when I feel compelled to change the values, either in dark masses or light spaces.